Kurdish dialect variation maps
© 2016
Data cited from this resource are to be credited to:
Matras, Yaron et al. 2016. The Dialects of Kurdish. Web resource, University of Manchester. http://kurdish.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/
Map of fieldwork locations
Click the [>>] icon in the top left corner to expand the map ‘legend‘. Here you will find all the information included on the map.
Light purple represents the pilot study samples, dark purple represents the full study.
Click on a location to see details of the sample.
How to use the maps
Use the menu below to navigate the dialect variation maps. Click on the name of a map to view it.
When on the map page:
Click the [>>] icon in the top left corner to expand the map ‘legend‘ and ‘details‘. Here you will find all the information included on the map.
Select Legend to see the different types displayed on the map and how they are visually represented.
Select Details to see the phrases used for the map.
Click on a location to see details for that sample. One location marker represents one speaker interviewed. Clicking on a specific marker on the map will open an information box with the dialect location and the exact dialect form recorded.
Zoom in to view multiple samples in the same location.
Each map page includes these instructions and a navigation menu at the top, so you can select another map.
For a preliminary evaluation of the database and its implications see Revisiting Kurdish Dialect Geography.
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1 Phonology
1.1 Vowel in ‘eight’
1.2 Vowel in ‘went’
1.3 Vowel in ‘far’
1.4 Vowel in ‘was’
1.11 Final consonant in ‘did/done’
1.12 Liquid consonant in ‘home’
1.13 Liquid consonant in ‘high’
1.14 Liquid consonant in ‘rich’
1.15 Liquid consonant in ‘child’
1.16 Dental affricate in ‘anything’, ‘girl’
1.20 Initial consonant cluster in ‘language’
1.21 Cluster /nd/ reduction in ‘child’
1.22 Cluster /nd/ reduction in ‘rich’
1.23 Metathesis in ‘snow’
1.24 Pharyngeal retention/substitution in ‘Arab’
1.25 Pharyngeal retention/substitution in ‘clan, tribe’
1.27 Pharyngeal retention in ‘animal’
1.28 Pharyngeal acquisition in ‘eight’
1.29 Pharyngeal acquisition in ‘seven’
1.30 Pharyngeal acquisition in ‘all’
1.31 Vowel and initial palatalization in ‘walnut’
1.32 Vowel, initial palatalisation and final segment in ‘ear’
1.33 Palatalisation in ‘(my) mother’
1.34 Palatalisation in ‘close’
2 Lexicon and lexico-phonology
2.1 ‘I’: Nominative
2.2 ‘You.PL’: Nominative and Oblique
2.3 Adjectival demonstratives: Nominative
2.4 Adjectival demonstratives: Oblique
2.5 ‘Here’
2.6 ‘Now’
2.7 ‘When’
2.8 ‘How’
2.9 ‘With’
2.10 ‘Anything’
2.11 ‘A little’
2.12 ‘Many’
2.13 ‘Other’
2.14 ‘Green’
2.15 ‘Large’
2.16 ‘Expensive’
2.17 ‘High’
2.18 ‘Fifteen’
2.19 ‘Second’
2.20 ‘Fifth’
2.21 ‘My mother’
2.22 ‘My father’
2.23 ‘Thing’
2.24 ‘Foot’
2.25 ‘Door’
2.26 ‘Chicken’
2.27 ‘Child’
2.28 ‘Mountain’
2.29 ‘Afternoon’
2.30 ‘Ear’
2.31 ‘I can’
3 Morphology
3.1.1 Definiteness singular: ‘The book is on the table’
3.1.2 Definiteness plural: ‘If the children go to sleep early their mother will give them candies’
3.2.1 Masculine subject in past-tense transitive: ‘The man was pulling the donkey’
3.2.2 Feminine subject in past-tense transitive: ‘The woman broke the glass’
3.2.3 Plural subject in past-tense transitive: ‘The men built the house’
3.3 Partitive direct object: ‘Bring some bread’
3.4.1 Marking of direct object: ‘I know the town’
3.4.2 Definite direct object: ‘I know the town’
3.4.3 Combination: ‘I know the town’
3.5.1 Marking of indirect object: ‘I didn’t go to the town’
3.5.2 Definite directional object: ‘I didn’t go to the town’
3.5.3 Combination: ‘I didn’t go to the town’
3.6.1 Animate directional object: ‘I went to the doctor’
3.6.2 Inanimate directional object: ‘He went to Erbil’
3.7 Case marking of definite feminine possession: ‘The girl’s mother’
3.8.1 Determiner, masculine direct object: ‘I know this man’
3.8.2 Determiner, feminine direct object: ‘I know this woman’
3.9.1 3SG inflection, present indicative
3.9.2 3SG inflection, present subjunctive: ‘The woman also wanted to sing’
3.9.3 3SG inflection, future: ‘Tomorrow it will rain’
3.10.1 Present indicative marker: ‘I eat’
3.10.2 Present indicative marker: ‘I know his name’
3.10.3 Present indicative marker: ‘I see Hasan’
3.10.4 Present indicative marker: ‘I arrive’
3.11.1 Future tense marker: ‘Tomorrow it will rain’
4 Morpho-syntax
4.1.1 Gender distinction in nominal attribution (Izafe)
4.1.2 Plural nominal attribution (Izafe): ‘The mountains of Kurdistan are high’
4.1.3 Possessive: ‘My mother’
4.1.4 Possessive: ‘My father’
4.1.5 Possessive: ‘My (house)’
4.1.6 3SG possessive: ‘I know his name’
4.1.7 Reflexive possessive: ‘I finished my work’
4.2.1 Passive present: ‘(They) are killed’
4.2.2 Passive past: ‘(He) was arrested’
4.2.3 Causative future: ‘I will make you carry these bags’
4.3.1 Relative clause marker
4.3.2 Structure of consequence in realis conditional clause
4.3.3 Structure of irrealis conditional clause
4.3.4 Co-referential 1SG subject in past-tense intransitive-transitive complex clause
4.4.1 Agreement: ‘I saw my friends’
4.4.2 Agreement: ‘You.SG saw your friends’
4.5.1 Agreement: ‘He saw them’
4.6.1 Agreement: ‘I saw them’
4.6.2 Agreement: ‘I didn’t see them’
4.7.1 Agreement: ‘I saw you.PL’
4.7.2 Agreement: ‘I didn’t see you.PL’
4.8.1 Agreement: ‘You.PL saw me’
4.8.2 Agreement: ‘You.PL didn’t see me’
4.9.1 Agreement: ‘You.SG saw us’
4.9.2 Agreement: ‘You.SG didn’t see us’
4.10.1 Agreement: ‘I didn’t see him’
4.10.2 Agreement: ‘He didn’t see me’
4.11.1 Agreement: ‘You.PL gave it to me’
4.11.2 Agreement: ‘You.PL didn’t give it to me’
4.12.1 Agreement: ‘I didn’t give it to him’
4.12.2 Agreement: ‘He didn’t give it to me’