1 Phonology
Phonology 1
1.1 Vowel in ‘eight’
1.2 Vowel in ‘went’
1.3 Vowel in ‘far’
1.4 Vowel in ‘was’
1.5 Vowel in ‘there was’
1.6 Final vowel in ‘all’
1.7 Middle segment in ‘old’
1.8 Consonant in ‘water’
1.9 Consonant in ‘name’
1.10 Consonant in ‘father’
Phonology 2
1.11 Final consonant in ‘did/done’
1.12 Liquid consonant in ‘home’
1.13 Liquid consonant in ‘high’
1.14 Liquid consonant in ‘rich
1.15 Liquid consonant in ‘child’
1.16 Dental affricate in ‘anything’, ‘girl’
1.17 Final cluster in ‘mosque’
1.18 Final cluster in ‘seven’
1.19 Final cluster in ‘fell’
1.20 Initial consonant cluster in ‘language’
Phonology 3
1.21 Cluster /nd/ reduction in ‘child’
1.22 Cluster /nd/ reduction in ‘rich’
1.23 Metathesis in ‘snow’
1.24 Pharyngeal retention/substitution in ‘Arab’
1.25 Pharyngeal retention/substitution in ‘clan, tribe’
1.26 Pharyngeal substitution
1.27 Pharyngeal retention in ‘animal’
1.28 Pharyngeal acquisition in ‘eight’
1.29 Pharyngeal acquisition in ‘seven’
1.30 Pharyngeal acquisition in ‘all’
Phonology 4
1.31 Vowel and initial palatalisation in ‘walnut’
1.32 Vowel, initial palatalisation and final segment in ‘ear’
1.33 Palatalisation in ‘(my) mother’
1.34 Palatalisation in ‘close’
1.35 Palatalisation in ‘when’
2 Lexicon and lexico-phonology
Lexicon 1
2.1 ‘I’: Nominative
2.2 ‘You.PL’: Nominative and Oblique
2.3 Adjectival demonstratives: Nominative
2.4 Adjectival demonstratives: Oblique
2.5 ‘Here’
2.6 ‘Now’
2.7 ‘When’
2.8 ‘How’
2.9 ‘With’
2.10 ‘Anything’
2.11 ‘A little’
Lexicon 2
2.12 ‘Many’
2.13 ‘Other’
2.14 ‘Green’
2.15 ‘Large’
2.16 ‘Expensive’
2.17 ‘High’
2.18 ‘Fifteen’
2.19 ‘Second’
2.20 ‘Fifth’
2.21 ‘My mother’
2.22 ‘My father’
Lexicon 3
2.23 ‘Thing’
2.24 ‘Foot’
2.25 ‘Door’
2.26 ‘Chicken’
2.27 ‘Child’
2.28 ‘Mountain’
2.29 ‘Afternoon’
2.30 ‘Ear’
2.31 ‘I can’
3 Morphology
Morph 1
3.1.1 Definiteness singular: The book is on the table’
3.1.2 Definiteness plural: ‘If the children go to sleep early their mother will give them candies’
3.2.1 Masculine subject in past-tense transitive: ‘The man was pulling the donkey’
3.2.2 Feminine subject in past-tense transitive: ‘The woman broke the glass’
3.2.3 Plural subject in past-tense transitive: ‘The men built the house’
3.3 Partitive direct object: ‘Bring some bread’
3.4.1 Marking of direct object: ‘I know the town’
3.4.2 Definite direct object: ‘I know the town’
3.4.3 Combination: ‘I know the town’
3.5.1 Marking of indirect object: ‘I didn’t go to the town’
3.5.2 Definite directional object: ‘I didn’t go to the town’
3.5.3 Combination: ‘I didn’t go to the town’
Morph 2
3.6.1 Animate directional object: ‘I went to the doctor’
3.6.2 Inanimate directional object: ‘He went to Erbil’
3.7 Case marking of definite feminine possessor: ‘The girl’s mother’
3.8.1 Determiner, masculine direct object: ‘I know this man’
3.8.2 Determiner, feminine direct object: ‘I know this woman’
3.9.1 3SG inflection, present indicative
3.9.2 3SG present subjunctive: ‘The woman also wanted to sing’
3.9.3 3SG inflection, future: ‘Tomorrow it will rain’
3.10.1 Present indicative marker: ‘I eat’
3.10.2 Present indicative marker: ‘I know his name’
Morph 3
3.10.3 Present indicative marker: ‘I see Hasan’
3.10.4 Present indicative marker: ‘I arrive’
3.11.1 Future tense marker: ‘Tomorrow it will rain’
3.11.2 Future tense marker: ‘Tomorrow I will go to town’
3.11.3 Combination: Future tense marker
4 Morpho-syntax
Morphsyn 1
4.1.1 Gender distinction in nominal attribution (Izafe)
4.1.2 Plural nominal attribution (Izafe): ‘The mountains of Kurdistan are high’
4.1.3 Possessive: ‘My mother’
4.1.4 Possessive: ‘My father’
4.1.5 Possessive: ‘My (house)’
4.1.6 3SG possessive: ‘I know his name’
4.1.7 Reflexive possessive: ‘I finished my work’
4.2.1 Passive present: ‘(They) are killed’
4.2.2 Passive past: ‘(He) was arrested’
4.2.3 Causative future: ‘I will make you carry these bags’
4.3.1 Relative clause marker
Morphsyn 2
4.3.2 Structure of consequence in realis conditional clause
4.3.3 Structure of irrealis conditional clause
4.3.4 Co-referential 1SG subject in past-tense intransitive-transitive complex clause
4.4.1 Agreement: ‘I saw my friends’
4.4.2 Agreement: ‘You.SG saw your friends’
4.5.1 Agreement: ‘He saw them’
4.5.2 Agreement: ‘They saw them’
4.5.3 Agreement: ‘You.PL saw them’
4.6.1 Agreement: ‘I saw them’
4.6.2 Agreement: ‘I didn’t see them’
4.7.1 Agreement: ‘I saw you.PL’
4.7.2 Agreement: ‘I didn’t see you.PL’
Morphsyn 3
4.8.1 Agreement: ‘You.PL saw me’
4.8.2 Agreement: ‘You.PL didn’t see me
4.9.1 Agreement: ‘You.SG saw us’
4.9.2 Agreement: ‘You.SG didn’t see us’
4.10.1 Agreement: ‘I didn’t see him’
4.10.2 Agreement: ‘He didn’t see me’
4.11.1 Agreement: ‘You.PL gave it to me’
4.11.2 Agreement: ‘You.PL didn’t give it to me’
4.12.1 Agreement: ‘I didn’t give it to him’
4.12.2 Agreement: ‘He didn’t give it to me’
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